■Established Ogaki Denki Yakin Kogyosho Co., Ltd. (later Nippon Denki Yakin Co., Ltd.) and began producing and selling various ferroalloys

Reorganized Ogaki Denki Yakin Kogyosho Co., Ltd. and named Denki Yakin Industry Co., Ltd. (later Nippon Denki Yakin Co., Ltd.)

Renamed Denki Yakin Industry Co., Ltd. to Nippon Denki Yakin Co., Ltd.

■Began producing and selling chromium salts in Kuriyama, Hokkaido

Listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange

Nippon Denko Co., Ltd. was formed with merger of Nippon Denki Yakin Co., Ltd. and Toho Denka Co., Ltd.

■Built Tokushima Plant and began operating (included pier facilities and large electric furnace)

■Began chromic acid recovery business

■Began producing and selling ferroboron using electric furnaces

■Began producing and selling zirconium oxide

■Completed new chromic acid recovery plant in Koriyama

■Established NST Ferrochrome (Pty) Limited jointly with South African firm Samancor (sold shares and withdrew in 2012)

■Began selling AQUA PACK cartridge-type demineralizers

■Began selling MR PACK pure water production systems

■Formed strategic alliance with Nippon Rensui Co. (currently Mitsubishi Chemical Aqua Solutions Co., Ltd.)

■Installed an in-house power generator that ran on gas from the electric furnace at the Tokushima Plant

■Established high-carbon ferromanganese production system with capacity of 220,000 t/year

■Completed the second stage of large-scale plant for automotive battery materials

Established Joetsu Denki (predecessor of Echigo Denki)

Expanded into the hydroelectric power business, constructing the Zozo Hydroelectric Power plant to exploit the extensive snowmelt of the Myoko mountain range

Chuo Denki K.K. was formed with merger of Echigo Denki and Matsumoto Dento

Chuo Denki K.K. opened Taguchi Plant of Chemical Industries Division
(Launched with acquisition of neighboring carbide manufacturer Tokyo Denka Kogyo and zinc and ferromanganese manufacturer Nihon Aen in Taguchi area of Myoko Kogen

■Chuo Denki Kogyo Co., Ltd. was established as a partnership of electric power and equipment provider Chuo Denki and ferroalloy manufacturing technology provider Chichibu Denki Kogyo

■Began producing electrolytic manganese metals

Listed on the Niigata Stock Exchange

Listed on the Second Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange

■Began constructing Kashima Plant

■Kashima Plant began operating

■Began producing manganese sulfates

■Began producing manganese carbonates and started research on metal hydride alloys

■Began producing chemical manganese dioxide

■Began producing metal hydride alloys

■Began general waste treatment using ferroalloy furnaces

■No. 1 incineration ash melting furnace (EM1) came online and began treating industrial waste subject to special control

■Ibaraki prefectural government recognized Kashima Plant (currently Kashima Office) as a superior recycling facility

■Began producing manganese sulfates for lithium-ion batteries

Invested in Pertama Ferroalloys Sdn. Bhd.